{"id":413,"date":"2026-03-31T10:12:43","date_gmt":"2026-03-31T10:12:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.go-togaf.com\/vi\/profile-diagram-fundamentals-q-and-a\/"},"modified":"2026-03-31T10:12:43","modified_gmt":"2026-03-31T10:12:43","slug":"profile-diagram-fundamentals-q-and-a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.go-togaf.com\/vi\/profile-diagram-fundamentals-q-and-a\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ecfi & \u0110\u00e1p: 15 C\u00e2u H\u1ecfi Ph\u1ed5 Bi\u1ebfn Nh\u1ea5t M\u00e0 H\u1ecdc Sinh H\u1ecfi V\u1ec1 C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n S\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed3 H\u1ed3 S\u01a1"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebb. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc th\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 H\u1ed3 S\u01a1 ph\u00e1t huy vai tr\u00f2. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean \u0111ang t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y ra r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn sau \u0111\u00e2y gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u00f5 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 thi hay thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec7n \u00edch m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u1eafn th\u1ebb v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m \u1edf khung l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

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\"A<<B\u1ed9 Chia C\u00e2n B\u1eb1ng T\u1ea3i>>.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i s\u1edbm trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

6. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t H\u1ed3 S\u01a1 chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng? \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

C\u00f3. C\u00e1c H\u1ed3 S\u01a1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c H\u1ed3 S\u01a1 theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

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  • H\u1ed3 S\u01a1 G\u1ed1c:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n
  • H\u1ed3 S\u01a1 \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c K\u1ebf Th\u1eeba:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 g\u1ed1c, th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 cho l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n
  • L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong>Gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eef logic chung \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 chung “B\u1ea3o M\u1eadt”, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 “B\u1ea3o M\u1eadt Doanh Nghi\u1ec7p” m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

    7. Metaclass l\u00e0 g\u00ec trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y? \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n

    Metaclass l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c. Trong m\u1ed9t H\u1ed3 S\u01a1, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a metaclass \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u1edbi tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

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    • \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a:<\/strong> N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng.<\/li>\n
    • C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/strong> N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, thao t\u00e1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/li>\n
    • V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng <<C\u01a1 S\u1edf D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u>><\/code>, th\u00ec metaclass x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh (nh\u01b0 T\u00ean_B\u1ea3ng<\/code>) m\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u1eefa t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

      8. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i m\u1ed9t H\u1ed3 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng? \ud83d\udce6<\/h2>\n

      Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c nh\u00f3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3\u2014ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u1eafn th\u1ebb v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c\u2014l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

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      • T\u00ednh di \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
      • Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong>N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/li>\n
      • C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t:<\/strong>Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n t\u1ea3i t\u1ec7p g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1edbn n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

        9. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \ud83d\udcda<\/h2>\n

        M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, ch\u00fang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh<\/th>\nH\u1ed3 s\u01a1<\/th>\nTh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
        Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/td>\nM\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00fa ph\u00e1p ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/td>\nCung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/td>\nNh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u m\u1edbi v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc<\/td>\nL\u1edbp, Giao di\u1ec7n, Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\nX\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a<\/td>\nX\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u1ea7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        M\u1ed9t th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch; m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f3 cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

        10. H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c sinh m\u00e3? \ud83d\udcbb<\/h2>\n

        C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 sinh m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

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        • \u00c1nh x\u1ea1 ki\u1ec3u:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t <<D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5>><\/code>ki\u1ec3u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t Giao di\u1ec7n Java.<\/li>\n
        • \u00c1nh x\u1ea1 Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn th\u1ebb:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t th\u1ebb Phi\u00ean_b\u1ea3n_Giao_di\u1ec7n<\/code> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 trong m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra.<\/li>\n
        • X\u00e1c_th\u1ef1c:<\/strong>C\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh sinh m\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ghi t\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00fang, vi\u1ec7c sinh m\u00e3 s\u1ebd mang t\u00ednh chung chung. V\u1edbi n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi khung ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

          11. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 UML Chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng? \u2699\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

          N\u00f3i chung, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 UML. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 m\u1edbi nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

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          • \u0110\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong>C\u00e1c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec b\u1edfi c\u01a1 quan ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n
          • T\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch:<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ebd ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
          • Th\u1ef1c_h\u00e0nh_t\u1ed1t_nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong>M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1eebng thay th\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1edfi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00e1c tu\u00e2n theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

            12. K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t H\u1ed3 s\u01a1? \u270d\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

            C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c tr\u1ef1c quan c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

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            • Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng G\u00f3i:<\/strong>C\u00e1c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng g\u00f3i.<\/li>\n
            • Danh s\u00e1ch Stereotype:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c stereotype \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong h\u1ed3 s\u01a1.<\/li>\n
            • Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c:<\/strong>C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c metaclass UML chu\u1ea9n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nhanh ch\u00f3ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 n\u00e0o \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

              13. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng? \u2705<\/h2>\n

              X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o logic c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Ki\u1ec3m tra Ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c stereotype v\u00e0 th\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
              • Ki\u1ec3m tra Logic:<\/strong>X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn nhau.<\/li>\n
              • Ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m:<\/strong> \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh h\u00e0nh vi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                L\u1ed7i trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lan truy\u1ec1n qua m\u1ecdi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3, do \u0111\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

                14. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng? \ud83d\udcc4<\/h2>\n

                Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh si\u00eau c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> N\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/li>\n
                • Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ef1c thi:<\/strong> N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi hay tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n
                • Tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/strong> N\u00f3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong g\u00f3i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

                  15. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 theo th\u1eddi gian? \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                  Vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • S\u1ed5 nh\u1eadt k\u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/strong> Ghi ch\u00e9p m\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00eam ho\u1eb7c x\u00f3a m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n
                  • Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o:<\/strong> Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng khi h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
                  • T\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/strong> Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n trong c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    M\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong to\u00e0n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

                    T\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh \ud83d\udccc<\/h2>\n

                    \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng UML:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang th\u00eam \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n
                    • C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a lo\u1ea1i:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n
                    • C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u1eafn th\u1ebb th\u00eam d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3.<\/li>\n
                    • C\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1ef1c thi quy t\u1eafc:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n.<\/li>\n
                    • T\u00ednh t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a:<\/strong>G\u00f3i v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1eafm v\u1eefng nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a theo nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebb. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":414,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"H\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1p: 15 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"B\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 UML? Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi 15 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t ra. H\u1ecdc r\u00f5 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[39,40],"class_list":["post-413","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uml","tag-academic","tag-profile-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\nH\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1p: 15 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"B\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 UML? Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi 15 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t ra. 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