{"id":297,"date":"2026-04-11T21:23:57","date_gmt":"2026-04-11T21:23:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.go-togaf.com\/vi\/building-robust-project-management-timeline-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-04-11T21:23:57","modified_gmt":"2026-04-11T21:23:57","slug":"building-robust-project-management-timeline-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.go-togaf.com\/vi\/building-robust-project-management-timeline-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn: X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00ec h\u1ecd t\u1eadp trung qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thay v\u00ec logic. M\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u1ef1c thi, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 t\u0129nh b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qu\u00ean. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. Khi lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c giao h\u00e0ng. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, logic \u0111\u1eb1ng sau vi\u1ec7c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt trong l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

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\"Whimsical<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

1. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh \ud83c\udfaf<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ebd b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o hay g\u00e1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch m\u00e0 l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi. N\u00f3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Giao ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong>N\u00f3 cho c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan bi\u1ebft khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean mong \u0111\u1ee3i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n
  • Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p:<\/strong>N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c nhau bi\u1ebft khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n giao c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/li>\n
  • Theo d\u00f5i:<\/strong>N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 so v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/li>\n
  • L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch:<\/strong>N\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 k\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Khi m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft, n\u00f3 m\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp. Khi qu\u00e1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, n\u00f3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. \u0110i\u1ec3m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1eb1m \u1edf gi\u1eefa. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee7 chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n r\u1ee7i ro, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee7 linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

    2. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ra \ud83d\udccb<\/h2>\n

    M\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ra cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

    Khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ra cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u00e3y l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u1ea7n x\u1ea3y ra ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi giao s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u1ea7n x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3? K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ng\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Ghi ch\u00e9p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u1eebng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/li>\n
    • \u0110\u1eb7t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn cho m\u1ed7i m\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n
    • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi.<\/li>\n
    • X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan then ch\u1ed1t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y, l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i s\u1ebd th\u00eam c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc s\u1ebd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

      3. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (WBS) \ud83e\uddf1<\/h2>\n

      C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 chia d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf, d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp l\u1ecbch cho m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u1eadp l\u1ecbch cho nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp l\u1ecbch cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

      H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 WBS nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p. M\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. M\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfp theo bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. M\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

      Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • M\u1ed7i nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao cho m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
      • M\u1ed7i nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
      • C\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n
      • M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 hai tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cao l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn. N\u00f3 che gi\u1ea5u c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Chia nh\u1ecf n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn ra s\u1edbm khi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb tr\u1ec5. \u0110\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

        4. S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \ud83d\udd17<\/h2>\n

        Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ch\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

        C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh – B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u (FS):<\/strong>Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 B kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 A ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
        • B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u – B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u (SS):<\/strong>Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 B kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 A \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
        • Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh – Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh (FF):<\/strong>Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 B kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 A ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.<\/li>\n
        • B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u – Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh (SF):<\/strong>Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 B kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 A \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Khi l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u00e3y d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i then ch\u1ed1t b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5.<\/p>\n

          \u0110\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3:<\/p>\n

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          • L\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft logic gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5.<\/li>\n
          • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c (logic c\u1ee9ng) v\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn (logic m\u1ec1m).<\/li>\n
          • Xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i then ch\u1ed1t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.<\/li>\n
          • T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            5. D\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng \u23f3<\/h2>\n

            D\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n th\u1eddi gian th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ea1c quan. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ebfm khi ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1c quan. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

            S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n. Xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u1ea5t bao l\u00e2u. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian. H\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, x\u1ea5u nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

            Vi\u1ec7c bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5. C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng cho nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5:<\/strong>Th\u1eddi gian b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro cao.<\/li>\n
            • Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n:<\/strong>Th\u1eddi gian b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u00e0y giao h\u00e0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u0110\u1eebng gi\u1ea5u c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng trong c\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Gi\u1eef ch\u00fang hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ‘ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh sinh vi\u00ean’, khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00fat cu\u1ed1i m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00ec c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u00eam th\u1eddi gian. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u00e1c c\u00fa s\u1ed1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

              6. Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \ud83d\udc65<\/h2>\n

              M\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ai s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c thu\u00ea ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

              C\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang ngh\u1ec9 ph\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
              • K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ecdi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
              • Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb:<\/strong>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c song song.<\/li>\n
              • Ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch:<\/strong>H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf chi ph\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Khi ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c, h\u00e3y t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t. N\u1ebfu hai nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i chia nh\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

                7. Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

                M\u1ed9t khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n ra \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i. Th\u1eddi gian bi\u1ec3u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i; m\u00e0 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

                Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. Trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y, so s\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. T\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch.<\/p>\n

                C\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t:<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Ghi l\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.<\/li>\n
                • C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra.<\/li>\n
                • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9.<\/li>\n
                • \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u1ecb tr\u1ec5, h\u00e3y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu c\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 (th\u00eam ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c) ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea1y song song (th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi).<\/p>\n

                  8. Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                  Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                  Sai l\u1ea7m<\/th>\nH\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/th>\nGi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                  B\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/strong><\/td>\nNhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng.<\/td>\nX\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 logic tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  \u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh qu\u00e1 l\u1ea1c quan<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u00e1c ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00ec th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/td>\nTh\u00eam c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec7m d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  Qu\u00e1 Nhi\u1ec1u Chi Ti\u1ebft<\/strong><\/td>\nK\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt.<\/td>\nGi\u1eef c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p cao cho c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chi ti\u1ebft cho th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  Kh\u00f4ng C\u00f3 Ki\u1ec3m So\u00e1t Thay \u0110\u1ed5i<\/strong><\/td>\nS\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/td>\nChu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  B\u1ecf Qua Xung \u0110\u1ed9t Ngu\u1ed3n L\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn.<\/td>\nXem x\u00e9t ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c song song v\u1edbi l\u1eadp l\u1ecbch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                  9. Giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a C\u00e1c B\u00ean Li\u00ean quan \ud83d\udde3\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                  M\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

                  C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n xem t\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c trao \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                  C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 giao ti\u1ebfp:<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Chia s\u1ebb l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh s\u1edbm h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi ng\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
                  • Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 r\u1ee7i ro ho\u1eb7c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
                  • M\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
                  • Gi\u1eef cho c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Khi c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u1ea3y ra, h\u00e3y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00fd do \u201ct\u1ea1i sao\u201d. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecb tr\u1ec5, h\u00e3y cung c\u1ea5p l\u00fd do v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u1edbi. Minh b\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ni\u1ec1m tin. Gi\u1ea5u tin x\u1ea5u th\u01b0\u1eddng khi\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n khi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

                    10. M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng L\u1ecbch Tr\u00ecnh cho C\u00e1c D\u1ef1 \u00c1n Ph\u1ee9c T\u1ea1p \ud83d\udcc8<\/h2>\n

                    Khi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh theo c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc. L\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5 chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

                    \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5 b\u1ecb tr\u1ec5, l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. T\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n

                    Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t khi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng:<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00edch h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/li>\n
                    • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trung t\u00e2m cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
                    • Giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n
                    • T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      11. Xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 K\u1ebft Th\u00fac L\u1ecbch Tr\u00ecnh \ud83c\udfc1<\/h2>\n

                      K\u1ebft th\u00fac d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh. So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ed1t? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 sai? Vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t sau d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

                      Ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00fat ra li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian. C\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng? S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ti\u1ebfp theo. C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

                      Suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh:<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • Gi\u1eef cho k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung.<\/li>\n
                      • C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/li>\n
                      • Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi.<\/li>\n
                      • H\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        M\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                        Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":298,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean l\u1ecbch, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[39,47],"class_list":["post-297","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-project-management","tag-academic","tag-project-management"],"yoast_head":"\nX\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. 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