{"id":240,"date":"2026-03-24T14:00:09","date_gmt":"2026-03-24T14:00:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.go-togaf.com\/vi\/architecture-decision-records-best-practices-transparent-tech-choices\/"},"modified":"2026-03-24T14:00:09","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T14:00:09","slug":"architecture-decision-records-best-practices-transparent-tech-choices","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.go-togaf.com\/vi\/architecture-decision-records-best-practices-transparent-tech-choices\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn EA: H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac – C\u00e1c Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho C\u00e1c L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Minh b\u1ea1ch"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"Charcoal<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac doanh nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 giao h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 di chuy\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng, tri\u1ec3n khai d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 \u00edt quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra di s\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c. Khi m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 then ch\u1ed1t r\u1eddi \u0111i ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, l\u00fd do \u0111\u1eb1ng sau c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac (ADRs) gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u1ec1 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai ADRs m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong to\u00e0n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao ADRs l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Doanh nghi\u1ec7p \ud83e\udde0<\/h2>\n

Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 v\u1ebd c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebb tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh. M\u1ed7i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa chi ph\u00ed, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t \u0111i b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c:<\/strong>S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi. C\u00e1c ADR \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gia nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169, h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li>\n
  • H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 Ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n v\u00e0 Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7:<\/strong>Trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh b\u1ecb qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 hay c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1p l\u00fd. C\u00e1c ADR cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7.<\/li>\n
  • Gi\u1ea3m M\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong>Khi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
  • Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c T\u1ed1t h\u01a1n:<\/strong>C\u00e1c ADR bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau (an ninh, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n) \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ADR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u1ea7m th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

    C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a M\u1ed9t ADR Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Cao \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

    M\u1ed9t ADR l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ng\u1eafn ghi l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee7 ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc nhanh nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee7 chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh. M\u1ed9t ADR ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111i qua logic c\u1ee7a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a M\u1ed9t ADR<\/h3>\n

    M\u1ed7i h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00f4ng tin nhanh ch\u00f3ng. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1:<\/strong>T\u00ean ng\u1eafn, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cho quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n
    • Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/strong>Ch\u1ec9 ra xem quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111ang \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i hay b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf.<\/li>\n
    • B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh:<\/strong>Th\u00f4ng tin n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft? Nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i?<\/li>\n
    • Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong>L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u01a1 h\u1ed3.<\/li>\n
    • H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3:<\/strong>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i hay m\u1eb7t ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      B\u1ea3ng C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Ph\u1ea7n<\/th>\nM\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/th>\nN\u1ed9i dung v\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1<\/td>\nX\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng<\/td>\nVi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i container cho c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 vi m\u00f4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/td>\nTr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td>\n\u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh<\/td>\nT\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y?<\/td>\nH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111ang m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng k\u00e9m. C\u1ea7n t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td>\n\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn?<\/td>\n\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u1ee5m cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/td>\nNh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/td>\nPh\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Gi\u1ea3m l\u1ed7i tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng. Chi ph\u00ed c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng cao h\u01a1n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      L\u01b0u \u00fd c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea7n ‘H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3’ l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau ra \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn; ph\u1ea3i n\u00eau r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

      Quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ADR \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

      Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ADR kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd thay v\u00ec ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ADR ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

      1. Kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o<\/h3>\n

      Khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 s\u1ebd so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t ban \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ‘ADR b\u1ea3n nh\u00e1p’. N\u00f3 n\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng. \u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ‘\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t’. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

      2. Xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn<\/h3>\n

      B\u1ea3n nh\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i n\u00ean th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea trong b\u1ea3n nh\u00e1p. Cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n ra trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp, k\u00eanh tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng xem x\u00e9t m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. N\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ee7i ro nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

      3. Ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h3>\n

      Khi cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn k\u1ebft th\u00fac, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u00e0nh ‘\u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn’. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c. N\u1ebfu quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ‘B\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i’. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec n\u00f3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tri\u1ec3n khai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

      4. Tri\u1ec3n khai<\/h3>\n

      C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. ADR \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu cho m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tham kh\u1ea3o ADR khi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ebfu tri\u1ec3n khai l\u1ec7ch kh\u1ecfi ADR, ADR c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n

      5. B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf<\/h3>\n

      C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0a ra ba n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. Khi c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1ed9t ADR m\u1edbi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn ADR c\u0169. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ADR c\u0169 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u00e0nh ‘\u0110\u00e3 b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf’. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y duy tr\u00ec l\u1ecbch s\u1eed trong khi c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

      Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

      Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, c\u00e1c ADR c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c. Ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. Vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u1eabn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

      T\u00edch h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n

      C\u00e1c ADR n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n cho ph\u00e9p theo d\u00f5i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. M\u1ed7i thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ADR l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ghi l\u1ea1i (commit). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay l\u1ea1i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i m\u1edbi b\u1ecb ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 sai.<\/p>\n

      T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t xem x\u00e9t<\/h3>\n

      Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi ADR n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t h\u00e0ng qu\u00fd ho\u1eb7c n\u1eeda n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xem x\u00e9t n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ADR \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111ang g\u00e2y ra c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n

      Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm<\/h3>\n

      C\u00e1c ADR s\u1ebd v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang. Ch\u00fang n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trung t\u00e2m. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm to\u00e0n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a nh\u01b0 \u201cc\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d, \u201cb\u1ea3o m\u1eadt\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cAPI\u201d v\u00e0 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean quan. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c n\u1ed9i dung l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

      Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh ch\u00fang \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

      Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn ADR v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang. Danh s\u00e1ch sau \u0111\u00e2y n\u00eau b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed3 s\u01a1:<\/strong>Vi\u1ebft ADR cho m\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh nh\u1ecf s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n. H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ADR ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac quan tr\u1ecdng. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00fa trong th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o commit ho\u1eb7c trong ch\u00fa th\u00edch m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n
      • Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u01a1 h\u1ed3:<\/strong>S\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m. Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 \u201cc\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u201d, \u201cch\u1eebng n\u00e0o\u201d, ho\u1eb7c \u201cc\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c\u201d. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 \u201cs\u1ebd\u201d, \u201cph\u1ea3i\u201d, ho\u1eb7c \u201cph\u1ea3i\u201d.<\/li>\n
      • B\u1ecf qua h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3:<\/strong>Ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o l\u1ee3i \u00edch s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1c quan gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o. Lu\u00f4n ghi ch\u00e9p r\u00f5 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n
      • Thi\u1ebfu t\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ADR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong kho m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ri\u00eang t\u01b0, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb ch\u00fang. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp b\u1edfi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
      • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u0129nh:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ADR kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1. N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ADR ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo. Xem t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c nh\u00f3m \ud83d\udc65<\/h2>\n

        Tri\u1ec3n khai ADR l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng so v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb hi\u1ec3u ng\u1ea7m sang giao ti\u1ebfp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i quen l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

        T\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0<\/h3>\n

        ADRs kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00ean c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n vi\u1ebft ADR. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trao quy\u1ec1n cho \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn khi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t t\u1eeb qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd cho m\u1ecdi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

        Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i<\/h3>\n

        M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ADR l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9i tin r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 sai, h\u1ecd n\u00ean c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y an to\u00e0n khi n\u00eau l\u00ean trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u00e1p. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201cB\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i\u201d c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngang b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi \u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn\u201d v\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

        X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ni\u1ec1m tin<\/h3>\n

        T\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ni\u1ec1m tin. Khi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y l\u00fd do \u0111\u1eb1ng sau m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng khi m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ee7i ro ho\u1eb7c chi ph\u00ed. ADR tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch qua loa.<\/p>\n

        \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ADR \ud83d\udcca<\/h2>\n

        L\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft quy tr\u00ecnh ADR c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 hay kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

        Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n
          \n
        • Th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong>M\u1ea5t bao l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng? N\u1ebfu m\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u, quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 quan li\u00eau.<\/li>\n
        • T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i:<\/strong>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f3 \u0111ang m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh do m\u1ea5t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng? Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ea5y t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
        • Th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>M\u1ea5t bao l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng? C\u00e1c ADR t\u1ed1t n\u00ean l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n
        • M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ADR:<\/strong>C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eadt k\u00fd t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c tham chi\u1ebfu trong ch\u00fa th\u00edch m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 \ud83d\uddfa\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

          C\u00e1c ADR kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

          Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/h3>\n

          C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c m\u1eabu c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. C\u00e1c ADR c\u1ea7n tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i l\u1ec7ch kh\u1ecfi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, ADR ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00fd do. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p.<\/p>\n

          H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi<\/h3>\n

          ADRs c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro khi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

          L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n<\/h3>\n

          Khi l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho n\u0103m t\u1edbi, ban l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c ADR \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1ee9c tranh v\u1ec1 n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm.<\/p>\n

          Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng cho vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n

          B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn ADR \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf. Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m quy tr\u00ecnh. Thu th\u1eadp ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh m\u1eabu tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong to\u00e0n doanh nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n

          Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u1eb1m \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ghi l\u1ea1i l\u00fd do \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng, l\u00fd do v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ghi ch\u00e9p nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng. S\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

          H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu so v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. D\u00f9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, wiki hay n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt trong vi\u1ec7c ghi ch\u00e9p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. Th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ‘T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y?’ ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

          B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd minh b\u1ea1ch, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac doanh nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 giao h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 di chuy\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng, tri\u1ec3n khai d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":241,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ADR: L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 minh b\u1ea1ch trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ADR, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[39,43],"class_list":["post-240","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-enterprise-architecture","tag-academic","tag-enterprise-architecture"],"yoast_head":"\nTh\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ADR: L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 minh b\u1ea1ch trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch. 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